Taken together, these three nights form the basis of the religion.
They are known as "l'organisation", ("the organisation"), in Gabon and "el trabajo",
("the work"), in Equatorial New Guinea
The Ngoze, the ceremony, takes place over three consecutive nights,
Efun, the beginning -birth- ;
Nkeng, the heart -death-;
Meyaya, re-birth.
In certain chapels, the Efun, the first night, is spread over two days: the Efun Begn
- the Wednesday evening, when the ceremonies are organised and the musical arc,
the "Be", or "Begn", (known as the "instrument that created the world"), is played.
On the Thursday, the Efun Ngoma, the Ngoma, the Sitar, is played.
The ritual is replayed each night, with various changes that relate to the varying
symbolic elements specific to each night.
Many outsiders find it surprising that a religion that relies on the consumption of a
hallucinogenic substance to form the basis of it's initiation rites should have such a
formalised structure. And that such attention is placed on meticulous preparatory
details.
Most elements of the initiation ritual, the Ngoze, are derived from the rituals of the
Mitsogo Bwiti. Indeed, the word "Ngoze" is a Mitsogo word. The main other
source of inspiration is Christianity. One effect of the Fang Bwiti's sychretisism,
their willingness to absorb elements from diverse religious sources, is that many of
these elements, when reproduced in the Bwiti context, appear quite transformed.
Aspects of Christian religious belief recover their original meaning and lustre,
something lost in the West where the passing centuries have had their effect.
One way in which the Christian influence is apparent is through the significance
placed on the number 3. Seen in the 3 Gods of the First Egg, the 3 nights of the
ceremony, the 3 Nganga, the 3 Yombo etc.
It's of interest to note that there is no orthodox or standardised form of the Fang
Bwiti initiation ritual. And that considerable variance is seen from one chapel to the
next. Bwiti is practiced by more than half the Fang people of Gabon and
Equatorial New Guinea. And is developing extensively amongst the Pahouine
people of Cameroon.
Several distinct branches of Bwiti have developed over the years.
A. Marie, in "la naissance à l'envers", (Born upside down), gives a detailed and
comprehensive description of the 3 nights of Ngoze as recorded at the well known
chapel, Assumgha Ening:
"In Bwiti, the meeting with the spirits and the overall
success of the ceremony is primarily dependent on how
much attention is paid to the details. Choreography,
keeping to schedule - the slightest lapse can compromise
the entire ceremony. The rendering of time and space to
match archetype is done to the maximum" |
cf S. Freud "obsessive acts and religious exercises", in the maintenance of an
illusion. PUF , 1971, p 81.
and don't forget the Kambo is there to uphold the law...
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